finish until lifetimes

solutions/16_lifetimes/lifetimes1.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,24 @@
-fn main() {
-    // DON'T EDIT THIS SOLUTION FILE!
-    // It will be automatically filled after you finish the exercise.
+// The Rust compiler needs to know how to check whether supplied references are
+// valid, so that it can let the programmer know if a reference is at risk of
+// going out of scope before it is used. Remember, references are borrows and do
+// not own their own data. What if their owner goes out of scope?
+
+fn longest<'a>(x: &'a str, y: &'a str) -> &'a str {
+    //    ^^^^     ^^          ^^          ^^
+    if x.len() > y.len() { x } else { y }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_longest() {
+        assert_eq!(longest("abcd", "123"), "abcd");
+        assert_eq!(longest("abc", "1234"), "1234");
+    }
 }

solutions/16_lifetimes/lifetimes2.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,29 @@
-fn main() {
-    // DON'T EDIT THIS SOLUTION FILE!
-    // It will be automatically filled after you finish the exercise.
+fn longest<'a>(x: &'a str, y: &'a str) -> &'a str {
+    if x.len() > y.len() { x } else { y }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let string1 = String::from("long string is long");
+    // Solution1: You can move `strings2` out of the inner block so that it is
+    // not dropped before the print statement.
+    let string2 = String::from("xyz");
+    let result;
+    {
+        result = longest(&string1, &string2);
+    }
+    println!("The longest string is '{result}'");
+    // `string2` dropped at the end of the function.
+
+    // =========================================================================
+
+    let string1 = String::from("long string is long");
+    let result;
+    {
+        let string2 = String::from("xyz");
+        result = longest(&string1, &string2);
+        // Solution2: You can move the print statement into the inner block so
+        // that it is executed before `string2` is dropped.
+        println!("The longest string is '{result}'");
+        // `string2` dropped here (end of the inner scope).
+    }
 }

solutions/16_lifetimes/lifetimes3.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,18 @@
-fn main() {
-    // DON'T EDIT THIS SOLUTION FILE!
-    // It will be automatically filled after you finish the exercise.
+// Lifetimes are also needed when structs hold references.
+
+struct Book<'a> {
+    //     ^^^^ added a lifetime annotation
+    author: &'a str,
+    //       ^^
+    title: &'a str,
+    //      ^^
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let book = Book {
+        author: "George Orwell",
+        title: "1984",
+    };
+
+    println!("{} by {}", book.title, book.author);
 }

solutions/quizzes/quiz3.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,65 @@
-fn main() {
-    // DON'T EDIT THIS SOLUTION FILE!
-    // It will be automatically filled after you finish the exercise.
+// An imaginary magical school has a new report card generation system written
+// in Rust! Currently, the system only supports creating report cards where the
+// student's grade is represented numerically (e.g. 1.0 -> 5.5). However, the
+// school also issues alphabetical grades (A+ -> F-) and needs to be able to
+// print both types of report card!
+//
+// Make the necessary code changes in the struct `ReportCard` and the impl
+// block to support alphabetical report cards in addition to numerical ones.
+
+use std::fmt::Display;
+
+// Make the struct generic over `T`.
+struct ReportCard<T> {
+    //           ^^^
+    grade: T,
+    //     ^
+    student_name: String,
+    student_age: u8,
+}
+
+// To be able to print the grade, it has to implement the `Display` trait.
+impl<T: Display> ReportCard<T> {
+    //  ^^^^^^^ require that `T` implements `Display`.
+    fn print(&self) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{} ({}) - achieved a grade of {}",
+            &self.student_name, &self.student_age, &self.grade,
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    // You can optionally experiment here.
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generate_numeric_report_card() {
+        let report_card = ReportCard {
+            grade: 2.1,
+            student_name: "Tom Wriggle".to_string(),
+            student_age: 12,
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            report_card.print(),
+            "Tom Wriggle (12) - achieved a grade of 2.1",
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn generate_alphabetic_report_card() {
+        let report_card = ReportCard {
+            grade: "A+",
+            student_name: "Gary Plotter".to_string(),
+            student_age: 11,
+        };
+        assert_eq!(
+            report_card.print(),
+            "Gary Plotter (11) - achieved a grade of A+",
+        );
+    }
 }